(Aptenodytes forsteri)
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EMPEROR PENGUIN (Aptenodytes forsteri) |
| BODY MASS: 20-40 kg | DEEPEST DIVE: 564 m (REF 9) |
| BODY LENGTH: 112 cm | LONGEST DIVE: 1308 s (REF 9) |
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| COULMAN ISLAND, USA (73°30'S - 169°41'E) |  |
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1993: Dive depth: max= 534 m (N=5 birds) 1995: Dive duration: max= 948 s 1995: (Mk4.5 & 5, Wildlife computers, 35x18mm +"nose", 50g, Acc. 3m, sampling= 10s) | REF 1 |
| CAPE WASHINGTON, USA (74°39'S - 165°25'E) | |
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1990: Dive depth: max= 483 m (N=1 bird) but most dives < 50 m 1990: (Mk5, Wildlife computers, 35*18 mm, 50 g, acc.= 4m, sampling= 5s) | REF 2 |
| ROSS ISLAND (78°10'S - 166°E) | |
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1967-69: Dive depth: 151 ± 97.9 m, max= 265 m (N=6 birds) 1967-69: Dive duration: avg= 144 s, max> 1080 s (N= 6 birds) 1967-69: (Dive depth recorder+glass capillary depth tube, tot= 700 g) 1967-69: max= 38 m (N=5 birds) 1967-69: (Capillary depth gauges, 610 mm long, 4.5 g) |
REF 3 |
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1997(?): Dive duration: 252 ± 6 s, max= 474 s (N=3 birds) 1997(?): (MK5, Wildlife Computers, 35x18 mm, 50g, acc. 3m, sampling= 2s) 1997(?): Dive duration: 360 ± 12 s, max> 720 s (N= 3 birds) 1997(?): (MK5+Crittercam, Nat'l Geographic, 90x250mm, 1000g, res. 0.3m, sampling= 2s) |
REF 4 |
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1997(?): Dive depth: max= 53 m (N=7 birds) 1997(?): Dive duration: avg= 5.3 ± 2.2min, max= 624 s (N=7 birds) 1997(?): (Semi-captive conditions: the "Isolated Dive Hole") 1997(?): (MK7, Wildlife Computers, 93x24x13mm, 41g, Res. 0.5m, sampling= 1s) |
REF 5 |
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2001(?): Dive duration: avg= 5.2 ± 0.7min, max= 888 s (N=23 birds) 2001(?): (MK5, Wildlife Computers, sampling= 1s) |
REF 6 |
| TAYLOR GLACIER (67°28'S - 60°54'E) | |
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1993: Dive depth: avg-max= 407 ± 70.3 m, max= 477 m (N=4 females) 1993: Dive duration: avg= 4 ± 0.7 min, max= 300 s (N=4 females) 1993: (Mk5, Wildlife Computers, 110x40x10mm, 100g, Res. 3m, sampling= 5s) |
REF 7 |
| AUSTER (67°23'S - 64°04'E) | |
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1993: Dive depth: avg= 335 ± 35.7 m, max= 375 m (N=10 females) 1993: Dive duration: avg= 3.4 ± 0.2 min, max= 216 s (N=10 females) 1993: (Mk5, Wildlife Computers, 110x40x10mm, 100g, Res. 3m, sampling= 5s) 1993: (Depth/speed logger, Platypus Engineering, 250g, 110x40x20mm, sampling= 5s) |
REF 7 |
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1994: Dive depth: avg= 211 m, max= 372 m (N=11 females) 1994: Dive duration: avg= 3.2 ± 0.5 min, max= 930 s (N=11 females) 1994: Dive depth: avg= 289 m, max= 444 m (N=9 males) 1994: Dive duration: avg= 4.1 ± 0.5 min, max= 1278 s(N=9 males) 1994: (Mk5, Wildlife Computers, 68g, sampling= 5s) 1994: (Mk6, Wildlife Computers, 120g, sampling= 5s) |
REF 8 |
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1988,93,94: Deep dives: avg= 425 ± 30m, max= 564m (N=93 penguins) 1988,93,94: Deep dive duration: avg= 8.3 ± 0.8min, max= 720s 1988,93,94: Long dive depth: avg= 76 ± 37m, max= 250m (N=93 penguins) 1988,93,94: Long dive duration: avg= 14 ± 2.1min, max= 1308s 1988,93,94: (1988: Paddlewheels, Platypus Engineering,200g, sampling= 2s, Res. 1m) 1988,93,94: (1993-94: Mk7, Wildlife Computers, 100g, sampling= 5s, Res. 1m) |
REF 9 |
| DUMONT D'URVILLE (66°40'S - 140°01'E) | |
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2005: Winter dive depth: avg= 55.6 ± 3.2m, max= 388.8m (N=3 females) 2005: Winter dive duration: avg= 2.5 ± 0.12min, max= 732s (N=3 females) 2005: Winter dive depth: avg= 69.5 ± 10.8m, max= 438.4m (N=2 males) 2005: Winter dive duration: avg= 3.1 ± 0.35min, max= 966s (N=2 males) 2005: (Mk9, Wildlife Computers, 30 g, 67x17x17mm; Res. 0.5m, sampling= 5s) 2005-06: Spring dive depth: avg= 99 ± 7.2 m (N=4 birds) 2005-06: Spring dive duration: avg= 4.1 ± 0.12min, max= 780s (N=4 birds) 2005-06: (Splash, Wildlife Computers, 105g, 78x50x23mm; Res. 0.1m, sampling= 2s) |
REF 10 |
| REFERENCES |
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