Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research

Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Environmental Research in the Arctic and Fifth Ny-Alesund Scientific Seminar 23-25 February 2000, NIPR, Tokyo

CONTENTS

Preface ...................................Okitsugu Watanabe and Takashi Yamanouchi........................ i

I: Arctic upper atmosphere environment

Observations of the Arctic troposphere and lower stratosphere with the SOUSY Svalbard Radar (scientific note)

Juergen Roettger..........................................................................................1

Observations of the polar D-region and the mesosphere with the EISCAT Svalbard Radar and the SOUSY Svalbard Radar (scientific paper)

Juergen Roettger......................................................................................... 9

Climatic mesosphetic cooling: Employing the long time-series of ionospheric soundings from Norwegian stations (scientific note)

C. M. Hall ...................................................................................................... 21

Conjugate imaging riometer observation at polar cusp/cap stations: A daytime absorption event for a specific change of solar wind conditions (scientific paper)

Masanori Nishino, Hisao Yamagishi, Natsuo Sato, Yozo Murata, Ruiyuan Lin, Peter Stauning and Jan A. Holtet .......................................................................................................................... 29

A study on the Arctic upper atmosphere tide by EISCAT radar -Recent results and prospect- (scientific note)

Takehiko Aso ............................................................................................. 43

II: Atmospheric environment in the Arctic

Recent contributions to long-term atmospheric studies at Koldewey-Station (review)

H. Gernandt, R. Neuber and P. von der Gathen .............................. 49

An intercomparison campaign of ozone and temperature measurements in the Arctic (NAOMI-98, Ny-Alesund/Spitsbergen) (scientific note)

R. Neuber, G. Beyerle, P. von der Gathen, P. Wahl, A. Dahl, M. Gross, Th. McGee, U. Klein and W. Steinbrecht .. ......................................................................................................................... 65

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration and carborn isotope ratio in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (scientific paper)

Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki and Takashi Yamanouchi .............. 71

Global quality control for long-lived trace gas measurements (review)

Roger Francey, Manfred Groening, Kim Holmen, Krung-Ryul Kim, John Miller, Pieter Tans and Neil Trivett .......................................................................................................................... 81

Black carbon and ionic species in the Arctic aerosol (scientific paper)

K. Eleftheriadis, S. Nyeki, K. Toerseth and I. Colbeck ................91

Arctic study of tropospheric aerosol and radiation, ASTAR 2000-field plan- (report)

Takashi Yamanouchi and Andreas Herb...........................................101

Radiative forcing due to anthropogenic activities (scientific note)

F. Stordal and G. Myhre .........................................................................107

Three years spectral resolved UV-measurements at Koldewey-Station (1997-1999) (scientific paper)

Christian Gross, Helmut Tueg and Otto Schrems ......................113

Radiation and turbulence parameterizations at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Islands (scientific note)

Teodoro Georgiadis, Marianna Nardino, Francescopiero Calzolari, Vincenzo Levizzani, Jon Boerre Oerbaek, Stefan Claes and Roberta Pirazzini ...............................................................125

Feasibility study on scientific balloon experiment at Ny-Alesund (scientific paper)

Hideyuki Honda, Naoki Izutsu and Nobuyuki Yajima ..................133

Climate change and its impacts on the arctic environment (scientific paper)

Gunter Weller .............................................................................................143

Summit Greenland environment observatory (report)

Atsumu Ohmura .........................................................................................153

III: Glaciological environments in the Arctic

Atmospheric teleconnection between Japan and the Saint Elias Moutains, Yukon (scientific paper)

Gerald Holdsworth ....................................................................................161

Stable oxygen isotope ratio observed in the precipitation at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (scientific note)

Makoto Igarashi, Kokichi Kamiyama and Okitsugu Watanabe ........................169

Northern Eurasia glacier response to global climate change (scientific note)

Yuriy Kononov, Maria Ananicheva and Natalia Davidovich ................................183

Effects on spectral reflectance from snow ageing (scientific note)

Jan-Gunnar Winther, S. Gerland, J.B. Oerbaek, B. Ivanov, A.S. Zachek and A.M. Bezgreshnov ........................193

Sudden climatic change (scientific note)

Roy M. Koerner ............................................................................................ 203

210-year ice core records of dust storms, volcanic eruptions and acidification at Site-J, Greenland (scientific note)

Yoshiyuki Fujii, Kokichi Kamiyama, Hitoshi Shoji, Hideki Narita, Fumihiko Nishio, Takao Kameda and Okitsugu Watanabe ....................................................................................................... 209

Japanese glaciological study efforts in North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) (report)

Hitoshi Shoji and Okitsugu Watanabe ............................................... 221

Studies on climatic and environmental changes during the last few hundred years using ice cores from various sites in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard (scientific paper)

Okitsugu Watanabe, Hideaki Motoyama, Makoto Igarashi, Kokichi Kamiyama, Sumito Matoba, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Hideki Narita and Takao Kameda ......................................................... 227

Field observations of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expeditions in Svalbard from 1993 to 1995 (report)

Kokichi Kamiyama, Hideaki Motoyama and Okitsugu Watanabe ............................... 243

Activities of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expedetion in 1999 (JAGE 1999) (report)

Hideaki Motoyama, Okitsugu Watanabe, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Makoto Igarashi, Morihiro Miyahara, Tomoharu Nagasaki, Lars Karlof and Elisabeth Isaksson ................................ 253

In-situ snow temperature monitoring at an Arctic tundra site: A comparison of manual and automatic measurements (scientific note)

Sebastian Gerland, Jan-Gunnar Winther and Knut Sand ...................................... 261

The Geochemical Phenomenon-Local geochemical fields in a glacier (scientific note)

V. N. Makarov ................................................................................................. 271

Determination of ice flow velocity in Svalbard from ERS-1 interferometric observations (scientific paper)

Bernard Lefauconnier, Didier Massonnet and Geir Anker .................................... 279

Ocean tides and loading in the Nordic Seas (scientific note)

M.S. Bos and T.F. Baker .............................................................................. 291

Inversion of global tide gauge data for present-day ice load changes (scientific paper)

Hans-Peter Plag and Hans-Ulrich Juettner ...................................... 301

The determination of the reference point of the VLBI antenna in Ny-Alesund (scientific note)

Paolo Tomasi, Pierguido Sarti and Maria Rioja .............................. 319

IV: Change in Arctic marine environment

Scientific achievements in the First Chinese Expedition to the Arctic Ocean (report)

Zhaoqian Dong and Weijia Qin ................................................................. 331

Greenland Sea in winter (report)

Hajime Ito ........................................................................................................ 337

The International North Water Polynya Study (NOW): A progress report (scientific note)

L. Fortier, M. Fortier, M. Fukuchi, D. Barber, Y. Gratton, L. Legendre, T. Odate and B. Hargrave ......................343

Persistent organic pollutants in Arctic animals in the Barents Sea area and at Svalbard; Levels and effects (review)

Geir Wing Gabrielsen and Espen O. Henriksen ................................... 349

Arctic Ocean change and consequences to biodiversity: A perspective on linkage and scale (scientific note)

Eddy Carmack and Fiona McLaughlin ..................................................... 365

Vernal export and retention of biogenic matter in the north-eastern North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic Ocean: The role of the Norwegian Atlantic Current and topography (review)

Paul Wassmann ............................................................................................... 377

The upper layer circulation in Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden -A complex fjord system on the west coast of Spitsbergen (scientific paper)

Randi Ingvaldsen, Marit B_ Reitan, Harald Svendsen and Lars Asplin ................................ 393

The Arctic sea ice biological communities in recent environmental changes (scientific note)

Igor A. Melnikov, Ludmila S. Zhitina and Helena G. Kolosova .......................................... 409

Laboratory experiments on the frazil ice formation with application to the Arctic marine environment (scientific note)

Andrei G. Zatsepin and Pavel N. Golovin ................................................ 417

Stable isotope compositions of arctic copepods in the Greenland Sea in winter (scientific note)

Hiroshi Sasaki, Daisuke Kawai and Megumi Sato ............................... 423

V: Arctic terrestrial ecosystems

Personal ultraviolet-B dosimetry at Koldewey-Station by using an electronic dosimeter ELUV-14 (scientific note)

Saad El Naggar, Hartwig Gernandt, Nicole Spelten and Andrew Klaas ............................... 429

Arctic hot and CO2 springs: Natural models of impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems (scientific paper)

Dmitri G. Zamolodchikov and Dmitri V. Karelin ..................................... 437

Tundra plant responses to experimental and natural temperature changes (scientific paper)

Ulf Molau ................................................................................................................. 445

Pattern of seedling emergence of alpine plants: Comparisons between fellfield and snowbed habitats (scientific note)

Yoshiko Shimono and Gaku Kudo ..................................................................... 467

Ecological notes on the heath community on Mt. Ebeko, Paramushir Island, northern Kuriles (scientific paper)

Susumu Okitsu, Yoshinori Minami and Sergei Yu. Grishin ......................... 479

Occurrence of bryophytes in Paramushir Island, northern Kuriles, Far East Russia (scientific paper)

Yoshinori Minami, Susumu Okitsu, Hiroshi Kanda, Valentina Ya. Cherdantseva and Sergei Yu. Grishin ................487

Biological characteristics of dark colored material (cryoconite) on Canadian Arctic glaciers (Devon and Penny ice caps) (scientific paper)

Nozomu Takeuchi, Shiro Kohshima, Kumiko Goto-Azuma and Roy M. Koerner ........................495

Ecological role of fungal infections of moss carpet in Svalbard (scientific paper)

Tamotsu Hoshino, Motoaki Tojo, Hiroshi Kanda and Anne Marte Tronsmo ................................507

Program of Second International Symposium on Environmental Research in the Arctic and Fifth Ny-Alesund Scientific Seminar 23-25 February 2000, Tokyo.................................... 515

Author index ............................................................................................................ 519